The difference is time and mutuality.
First, mutuality. You can’t be in love with someone who doesn’t love you back. That is by definition infatuation.
Second, time. When you first start spending time with someone, you don’t know them very well at all. As you get deeper and deeper into the relationship, you learn more and more about them. A lot of times we have the realization that you can’t continue being with this person who wasn’t who you thought they were.
If you can make it through all that and still have feelings for each other, then you’re in love.